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Title Details:
Support for underground works
Authors: Sofianos, Alexandros
Reviewer: Nomikos, Pavlos
Subject: ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY > TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING > MINING AND METALLURGICAL TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY > TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING > CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING > TUNNELS
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY > TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING > MINING AND METALLURGICAL TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING > ROCK MECHANICS
Keywords:
Rockbolts
Steel Ribs
Shotcrete
Wedges
Stratified Roofs
Rock Pillars
Cut And Fill
Description:
Abstract:
The stability control of underground openings requires knowledge of the natural and induced stress field, the mechanical behavior of the surrounding rock, and the response of the measures taken to support them. Support measures widely used in conventional construction of both longitudinal and spatial underground openings are grouting, steel frames, concrete lining, and advance elements. These interact with the surrounding rock after installation. Since hard, soft, or crushing soil around underground longitudinal openings behaves macroscopically as a continuous medium, the assessment of the stress state is achieved by considering its interaction with the support. The behavior is assessed and, based on this, the support measures are selected and, where appropriate, displacements, overload or relaxation zones, the suitability of the cross-section shape, and the required and available support force with the stages of its application are calculated. If the rock behaves as a discontinuous medium, failure mechanisms are assessed. The following possibilities are identified: fall-sliding of individual blocks formed by combined joint systems in fragmented rocks, sliding-separation between layers formed by the distinct parallel layers commonly found in sedimentary rocks, or rock sliding-ejection in the particularly sensitive area of the tunnel face, due to discontinuous structures or overloading. Calculation methods and diagrams for estimating the required support are provided. Finally, specific stabilization measures applied in conventional underground mining are presented, such as natural rock support for mining with chambers and pillars, artificial support by filling empty faces for exploitation with alternating cuts and fillings, and hydraulic support for exploitation with long faces. Consolidation is achieved by selecting appropriate measures.
Linguistic Editors: Pappas, Vasileios
Technical Editors: Bozionelos, Gavriil
Type: Undergraduate textbook
Creation Date: 2015
Item Details:
ISBN 978-960-603-459-6
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/gr
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.57713/kallipos-660
Handle http://hdl.handle.net/11419/3457
Bibliographic Reference: Sofianos, A. (2015). Support for underground works [Undergraduate textbook]. Kallipos, Open Academic Editions. https://dx.doi.org/10.57713/kallipos-660
Language: Greek
Consists of:
1. Εισαγωγή στην Υποστήριξη Υπογείων Έργων
2. Εσωτερική ενίσχυση - Ήλοι
3. Χαλύβδινα πλαίσια
4. Επένδυση από εκτοξευόμενο σκυρόδεμα
5. Συμπαγές ισχυρό πέτρωμα πέριξ υπογείου ανοίγματος
6. Διάδραση πετρώματος-στήριξης
7. Στήριξη τεμαχών πετρώματος
8. Rockbolting flat stratified roofs
9. Rooms and Pillars
10. Γόμωση κενών μετώπων
11. Ευθύγραμμα επιμήκη μέτωπα
12. Ασθενές πέτρωμα πέριξ υπογείου ανοίγματος
13. Response of support measures
14. Εσωτερική προενίσχυση με στοιχεία μεγάλου μήκους
Number of pages 396
Publication Origin: Kallipos, Open Academic Editions
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