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Title Details:
Introduction to Optimality Theory
Other Titles: Phonological Analysis from Classical Theory to Harmonic Grammar
Authors: Revythiadou, Anthi
Subject: HUMANITIES AND ARTS > LINGUISTICS > STRUCTURE OF LANGUAGE > PHONOLOGY
HUMANITIES AND ARTS > LINGUISTICS > STRUCTURE OF LANGUAGE > MORHOLOGY
HUMANITIES AND ARTS > LINGUISTICS > STRUCTURE OF LANGUAGE > GRAMMAR
Keywords:
Optimality Theory
Constraint
Hierarchy
Evaluation
Input
Output
Markedness constraint
Faithfulness constraint
Indexed constraint
Morphophonology
Neutralization
Allophonic relation
Prosodic Phonology and Morphology
Generalized Alignment
Language acquisition
Constraint promotion
Constraint demotion
Harmonic Grammar
Gradient Harmonic Grammar
Maximum Entropy Grammar
Gradual Learning Algorithm
Noisy Harmonic Grammar
Description:
Abstract:
The main objective of this textbook is to acquaint undergraduate and postgraduate students of linguistics with the theoretical model of Optimality Theory, broadly known as OT. It is a model of phonological analysis originally proposed by Prince and Smolensky within the framework of Generative Linguistics (Chomsky, 1957) in an extensive scientific report circulated in 1993. The present book consists of eight chapters and is structured as follows: Chapter 1 presents the basic concepts and principles of OT and develops in detail an example of phonological analysis couched within the OT framework. Chapter 2 focuses on three important problems that have attracted and continue to attract the interest of phonological research and the answers / solutions offered by OT. Chapter 3 examines how OT analyzes phonological contrasts, allophonic relations and neutralization processes through the reordering of markedness and faithfulness constraints. Chapters 4 and 5 deal with processes that lie at the heart of phonology-morphology interface. More specifically, Chapter 4 presents the constraints of Generalized Alignment and examines their role in infixation and templatic morphology, whereas Chapter 5 explores how reduplicative processes are analyzed within OT. The subject matter of Chapter 6 is language acquisition from the perspective of OT. Since children’s productions at the beginning of acquisition are characterized by unmarked sounds and structures, the ranking of faithfulness and markedness constraints in such early grammars should be MARKEDNESS ≫ FAITHFULNESS. However, children’s grammars evolve via constraint re-ordering, so that gradually more complex structures emerge. Each reordering corresponds to intermediate grammars which together form the developmental path that young speakers follow in order to acquire their target language. Chapter 7 focuses on the analysis of phenomena of phonological variation (e.g., τρέχουν vs. τρέχουνε ‘they run’) and gradience (e.g., the cluster φτ [ft] is preferred over φθ [fθ]), as they emerge from experimental research and/or data corpora. The focus of Chapter 8 is on stochastic aspects of OT, such as Stochastic OT and two stochastic versions of Harmonic Grammar, namely Noisy Harmonic Grammar and the Maximum Entropy Model.
Linguistic Editors: Kalliaras, Dimitrios
Graphic Editors: Kokolakis, Antonios
Type: Undergraduate textbook
Creation Date: 07-06-2023
Item Details:
ISBN 978-618-5667-78-8
License: Attribution - NonCommercial - ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.57713/kallipos-117
Handle http://hdl.handle.net/11419/8617
Bibliographic Reference: Revythiadou, A. (2023). Introduction to Optimality Theory [Undergraduate textbook]. Kallipos, Open Academic Editions. https://dx.doi.org/10.57713/kallipos-117
Language: Greek
Consists of:
1. Basic concepts and principles of Optimality Theory (OT)
2. Phonological problems and OT
3. Indexed constraints
4. Prosodic morphology in OT: Generalized Alignment
5. Prosodic morphology in OT: Base-Reduplicant Correspondence Theory
6. OT and language acquisition
7. Phonological gradience and variation in OT
8. Stochastic Grammars
Number of pages 256
Publication Origin: Kallipos, Open Academic Editions
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