Title Details: | |
Structure of Chromatin |
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Authors: |
Nikolaou, Christoforos Chouvardas, Panagiotis |
Reviewer: |
Bagkos, Panteleimon |
Description: | |
Abstract: |
In this chapter, we move from studying the characteristics of genomic sequences at the primary level of the linear succession of their residues to examining their structure in three dimensions. The unifying biological problem of this chapter is based on the question of the sequence–structure relationship of genomic sequences. Despite the fact that DNA sequences do not have the structural constraints that proteins or RNA have, their spatial configuration plays a catalytic role in a number of biological phenomena — from their interaction with proteins and the regulation of gene transcription to chromatin condensation and the organization of structural chromosomal subunits. In light of such a diverse range of phenomena, the structure of double-stranded DNA and chromatin is discussed at different orders of magnitude. Starting from the small scale, we discuss how the primary sequence of DNA can lead to different structural configurations on the scale of a few dozen nucleotides, and how these specific configurations affect the affinity of sequences for transcription factors and structural proteins such as histones. We then examine organization preferences at the chromatin level on larger scales and observe how the arrangement of structural elements determines higher-level functions at the cellular level. Finally, we present new experimental methodologies for studying organization at the chromosomal level and show how the analysis of the large volume of data resulting from these methodologies leads to a deeper understanding of the overall genomic architecture. By the end of this chapter, you: Understand why DNA adopts a double helix configuration. Describe the basic elements of the primary sequence that play a role in the formation of the double helix at the local level.
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Type: |
Chapter |
Creation Date: | 2015 |
Item Details: | |
License: |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/gr |
Handle | http://hdl.handle.net/11419/1583 |
Bibliographic Reference: | Nikolaou, C., & Chouvardas, P. (2015). Structure of Chromatin [Chapter]. In Nikolaou, C., & Chouvardas, P. 2015. Computational Biology [Undergraduate textbook]. Kallipos, Open Academic Editions. https://hdl.handle.net/11419/1583 |
Language: |
Greek |
Is Part of: |
Computational Biology |
Number of pages |
40 |
Publication Origin: |
Kallipos, Open Academic Editions |