A career is defined as the totality of an individual's work experience and can be influenced by both individual and organizational factors. Over time, there have been changes in the way one plans and manages one's career, but also in the career development strategies applied by businesses and organizations. Therefore there are traditional and more modern approaches to careers (which place more emphasis on the initiative of individual development, creating and exploiting the personal brand), which are analyzed in this chapter. The chapter also underlines the importance of career as a component of strategic human resource management.